Emphatic Pronouns – Used to blend
Nin – nin
Gin – you
Win – he/she
Examples: but using particles of the emphatic pronouns
N + maji = nmaji – I am going
G + maji = gmaji – You are going
W +maji = (w)maji – He/she is going * “W” is silent
N + bmosé = nbmosé – I am walking
G + bmosé = gbmosé – You are walking
W+ bmosé = wbmosé – He/she is walking
Blends – Tense Markers
De – present tense – am doing it now
Da – future intent – can/could/should/would
Gi – past – did
Ga – past tense also, but subordinate **
Wi – future – will
Wa – future also, but subordinate **
Ge – immediate future – about to do something
É – factive, providing immediacy of the tense, used with other tense markers and words
Blending Emphatic Pronoun (Nin) with Tense Markers
Nde – I am doing s.t.
Nda – I should
Ngi – I did
Nwi – I will
Nge – I am about to do something
Blending Emphatic Pronoun (Gin) with Tense Markers
Gde – You are
Gda – You could/should
Ggi – You did
Gwi – You will
Gge – You are about to do something
Blending Emphatic Pronoun (Win) with Tense Markers
Wde – He/she is
Wda – H/s could/would
Wgi – H/s did
Wwi – H/s will
Wge – H/s is about to do something
Blending Emphatic Pronouns with Tense Markers and Verbs
Emphatic (Nin – I) w/ tense markers + verb – Maji : meaning “to leave”
N + de + maji = Nde maji
N + da + maji = Nda maji
N + gi + maji = Ngi maji
N + wi + maji = Nwi maji
N + ge + maji = Nge maji
G + de + maji = Gde maji
G + da + maji = Gda maji
G + gi + maji = (G)gi maji (silent g)
G + wi + maji = Gwi maji
G + ge + maji = (G)ge maji (silent g)
W + de + maji = (W)de maji (silent w)
W + da + maji = (W)da maji
W + gi + maji = (W)gi maji
W + wi + maji = (W)wi maji
W + ge + maji = (W)ge maji
Emphatic pronoun (Gin – You) w/ tense markers + verb – Bmose: meaning “to walk”
N + de + bmosé = Nde bmosé
N + da + bmosé = Nda bmosé
N + gi + bmosé = Ngi bmosé
N + wi + bmosé = Nwi bmosé
N + ge + bmosé = Nge bmosé
G + de + bmosé = Gde bmosé
G + da + bmosé = Gda bmosé
G + gi + bmosé = (G)gi bmosé
G + wi + bmosé + Gwi bmosé
G + ge + bmosé = (G)ge bmosé
The (g) and the are usually silent in these types of phrases
W + de + bmosé = (W)de bmosé
W + da + bmosé = (W)da bmosé
W + gi + bmosé = (W)gi bmosé
W + wi + bmosé = (W)wi bmosé
W + ge + bmosé = (W)ge bmosé
** Wa and Ga
Ni jew pi ne ga maji yen When did you leave?
Hau wnago geshep ga maji yan Oh yesterday morning I left
Ni je wa zhechke yen What will you do?
Hau ode she pi wa zhechke yan i Oh right now is when I will do it
Hopefully you can see from the above examples the difference between Potawatomi and English. English verb conjugation is very focused on the order of events and the timing of everything. There are many, many tenses in English, which are used to reflect the timing and the continuity, while the pronouns are separate words that are attached to the verbs with minimal modification. In Potawatomi, WHO did the action is more prominent than when the action occurred. Notice above, the differences in conjugation based on WHO did the action, as opposed to the ease with which tense markers are inserted and removed. There are further conjugations you will learn, becoming more and more complex as multiple persons complete complex actions, but you will find that the timing of those actions are easily viewed through tense markers.
Learn your pronouns! There are multiple sets of conjugation prefixes and suffixes, depending on WHO is doing the action and who they are interacting with, instead of when the action occurred.